Vulvodynia and HIV: causal or casual association?

Vulvodynia and HIV: causal or casual association?

BACKGROUND No study exists on HIV and vulvodynia. OBJECTIVE To evaluate vulvodynia in HIV infected women and its possible association with HIV. DESIGN Cross sectional study. SETTING Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Turin. METHODS 235 HIV positive and 272 HIV negative women were studied for vulvar pain between June 1995 and Januar...

Low birth weight and obesity: causal or casual casual association?

s identified in the databases (SciELO=75; Google scholar=9; EBSCO =312; pubMed=112; Scopus=30 (n=538) Full articles assessed for eligibility (n=208) Excluded abstracts n=10 for duplicity n=189 for subject n=30 for language n=69 lack of access to full-text n=22 book reviews n=10 editorials Full articles excluded n=118 restricted to intrauterine development n=15 Central topic of obesity n=28 No i...

Endometriosis and Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: Causal or Casual Association?

Copyright: © 2013 Mormile R, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Endometriosis is a benign gynecological disease that affects 5-10% of women of reproductive age worldwide [1]. It is characte...

Parvovirus B19 and chronic arthritis--causal or casual association?

Oestroprogestagens and severe acute pyelonephritis: a casual or causal association?

Sir, Acute pyelonephritis is an emerging infectious disease. Because the reasons for its increase are unclear and because the costs of therapy are high, the search for risk factors is of great importance [1,2]. We would like to report on a further potential risk factor, at least for the development of severe disease: oestroprogestagens, identified in the retrospective study of a series of 58 co...